Monday, November 12, 2012

Gold, That Fascinating Yellow Metal

I DO NOT doubt gold's stature as an almost universal form of store of value. One incident related to me a long time ago by a friend underscored this. Almost four decades ago, with the end of the Vietnam War came a small flood of Vietnamese refugees and some headed for our shores enroute to one developed country or another willing to accept them. When they landed here, some were able to purchase provisions to continue their journey. If they had to pay for purchases with something that was accepted here, what would that be? Certainly not with Vietnamese currency. Instead, sewn into the hem of their clothes was gold.

Source from (The Sun Daily): http://www.thesundaily.my/news/53857
Published: November 12, 2012

Its use in as money all through history has been helped along by this kind of universal acceptance. It does not rust and is thus durable. And most of all, it was a very good store of value all through history. So good that the token and fiat money that became more commonly used eventually had to be pegged to gold so as to buttress their role as store of value.

More recently, what had been a reasonably good internationally accepted store of value, the US dollar (and by inference, all national currencies currently in issue due to the US dollar's stature as the most important reserve currency against which all currencies are valued) has become increasingly inept in this role.

Our attempts to earn a reasonable rate of return on the "money" we accumulate over our life cycle is at least partially a function of our efforts to earn a rate of return that somewhat if not more than offsets the worsening performance of money when acting as a store of value.

It has not helped that central banks worldwide have forced the return on the safer asset classes to almost nothing. I'll say kudos to the Governor of Bank Negara Malaysia for refusing to join this herd of central bankers but even the relatively high level she has kept interest rates here at, does not adequately reflect the time value of money for many people.

The fallout from relentless central bank manipulation of financial markets is that interest rates are far removed from what market-clearing rates would be if free from central bank intervention, and returns from investing in even relatively risky investments are now proving inadequate. So, many people seek out investment assets the workings of which they do fully comprehend in order that their target investment returns can be met.
One of the more curious developments lately has been a rise in efforts to promote gold as a form of investment.

Some of these involve gold or notional claims on gold. Some are simply derivatives of financial instruments that are themselves pegged to the value of gold.

Buying ornamental gold is rarely an investment option. Too much of the price represents the goldsmith's craftsmanship. Investing more than a small portion of one's wealth in bullion such as official issue coins (e.g. Kijang, Maple, Kangaroo, Krugerrand or the Buffalo, Eagle or Double Eagle) involves much in storage costs.

Other investment alternatives are gold futures, shares in gold mining companies and gold exchange-traded funds but one of the few options on the domestic front is gold- or cash-settled gold-linked bank deposit accounts.

The important thing to note is that gold itself is not money in the modern monetary system despite common claims to the contrary. There is not enough gold above ground worldwide to allow it to serve this function. Its value measured in any currency is determined by the demand for gold and its supply, just like any commodity. This means the returns from gold investments measured in the numeraire of currencies can in fact be quite negative over certain periods of time when demand gets depressed, and in any case, never the kind of fabulously high, even fixed monthly returns of the sort promised by dubious investment schemes.

Factors affecting demand, hence gold price levels include rising incomes (which boosts demand for ornamental gold), speculative demand, industrial activities (such as gold drawn wires for use in electronics) and curiously, demand from central banks (for use as reserves).

Those affecting supply are the pace of production, the cost of production (a function of technology and also the strength of the currencies of the major producing nations relative to ours) and central bank gold sales.

One potential game changing new source of demand is a plan still in exploratory stages to allow banks to count bullion held as assets carrying zero risk weights, thus replenishing the stock of AAA-rated sovereign issues that have become depleted in the past year or two due to the spate of ratings downgrades.

Pong Teng Siew is head of Inter-Pacific Research Sdn Bhd

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